Scaling up carbon dioxide capture and storage: From megatons to gigatons
نویسنده
چکیده
a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Climate change Global warming Carbon mitigation Low carbon energy technologies Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) Carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture and storage (CCS) is the only technology that can reduce CO 2 emissions substantially while allowing fossil fuels to meet the world's pressing energy needs. Even though the technological components of CCS—separation of CO 2 from emissions, transport, and secure storage—are all in use somewhere in the economy, they do not currently function together in the manner required for large-scale CO 2 reduction. The challenge for CCS to be considered commercial is to integrate and scale up these components. Significant challenges remain in growing CCS from the megaton level where it is today to the gigaton level where it needs to be to help mitigate global climate change. These challenges, none of which are showstoppers, include lowering costs, developing needed infrastructure, reducing subsurface uncertainty, and addressing legal and regulatory issues. Progress will require a series of demonstration projects worldwide, an economically viable policy framework, and the evolution of a business model. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture and storage (CCS) is a process consisting of the separation of CO 2 from the emissions stream from fossil-fuel combustion, transporting it to a storage location, and storing it in a manner that ensures its long-term isolation from the atmosphere (IPCC, 2005). Currently, the major CCS efforts focus on the removal of CO 2 directly from industrial or utility plants and storing it in secure geological reservoirs. The rationale for CCS is to allow the continued use of fossil fuels while reducing the emission of CO 2 into the atmosphere, thereby mitigating global climate change. At present, fossil fuels are the dominant source of global primary energy supply, and they will likely remain so for the rest of the century. Fossil fuels supply over 85% of all primary commercial energy; the rest is made up of nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, and renewable energy (commercial biomass, geothermal, wind, and solar energy). Although great efforts and investments are being made by many nations to increase the share of renewable energy in the primary energy supply and to foster conservation and efficiency improvements , addressing climate change concerns during the coming decades will likely require significant contributions from CCS. In his keynote address at the 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-9), Jae …
منابع مشابه
Carbon Dioxide Capture on Metal-organic Frameworks with Amide-decorated Pores
CO2 is the main greenhouse gas emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels and is considered a threat in the context of global warming. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes embody a group of technologies for the capture of CO2 from power plants, followed by compression, transport, and permanent storage. Key advances in recent years include the further development of ne...
متن کاملStepwise Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Functionalized by Melamine Based Dendrimer Amines for Adsorption of CO2 and CH4
In this study, a novel solid dendrimer amine (hyperbranched polymers) was prepared using mesoporous carbon nitride functionalized by melamine based dendrimer amines. This adsorbent was denoted MDA-MCN-1. The process was stepwise synthesis and hard-templating method using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a template. Cyanuric chloride and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, Merck) were used for function...
متن کاملInvestigation of carbon dioxide capture from hydrogen using the thermal pressure swing adsorption process: Central composite design modeling
In this study pre-combustion capture of carbon dioxide from hydrogen was performed using a 5A zeolite adsorber. A one column thermal pressure swing adsorption (TPSA) process was studied in the bulk separation of a CO2/H2 mixture (50:50 vol%). The adsorption dynamics of the zeolite bed were investigated by breakthrough experiments to select the suitable range for operational factors in the desig...
متن کاملCarbon Dioxide Capture and Storage: Issues and Prospects
Almost 20 years ago, the first CO2 capture and storage (CCS) project began injecting CO2 into a deep geological formation in an offshore aquifer. Relevant science has advanced in areas such as chemical engineering, geophysics, and social psychology. Governments have generously funded demonstrations. As a result, a handful of industrial-scale CCS projects are currently injecting about 15 megaton...
متن کاملCarbon storage by Atriplex lentiformis
Increasing level of carbon dioxide CO2 due to industrial activity is primarily cause of global warming. Planting Artoplex lentiformis can help to reduce atmospheric CO2 buildup partly replacing use of fuels and by carbon storage. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of row spacing on carbon storage. A split- plot design with three replications included three row spacing (2×2...
متن کامل