Scaling up carbon dioxide capture and storage: From megatons to gigatons

نویسنده

  • Howard J. Herzog
چکیده

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Climate change Global warming Carbon mitigation Low carbon energy technologies Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) Carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture and storage (CCS) is the only technology that can reduce CO 2 emissions substantially while allowing fossil fuels to meet the world's pressing energy needs. Even though the technological components of CCS—separation of CO 2 from emissions, transport, and secure storage—are all in use somewhere in the economy, they do not currently function together in the manner required for large-scale CO 2 reduction. The challenge for CCS to be considered commercial is to integrate and scale up these components. Significant challenges remain in growing CCS from the megaton level where it is today to the gigaton level where it needs to be to help mitigate global climate change. These challenges, none of which are showstoppers, include lowering costs, developing needed infrastructure, reducing subsurface uncertainty, and addressing legal and regulatory issues. Progress will require a series of demonstration projects worldwide, an economically viable policy framework, and the evolution of a business model. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture and storage (CCS) is a process consisting of the separation of CO 2 from the emissions stream from fossil-fuel combustion, transporting it to a storage location, and storing it in a manner that ensures its long-term isolation from the atmosphere (IPCC, 2005). Currently, the major CCS efforts focus on the removal of CO 2 directly from industrial or utility plants and storing it in secure geological reservoirs. The rationale for CCS is to allow the continued use of fossil fuels while reducing the emission of CO 2 into the atmosphere, thereby mitigating global climate change. At present, fossil fuels are the dominant source of global primary energy supply, and they will likely remain so for the rest of the century. Fossil fuels supply over 85% of all primary commercial energy; the rest is made up of nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, and renewable energy (commercial biomass, geothermal, wind, and solar energy). Although great efforts and investments are being made by many nations to increase the share of renewable energy in the primary energy supply and to foster conservation and efficiency improvements , addressing climate change concerns during the coming decades will likely require significant contributions from CCS. In his keynote address at the 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-9), Jae …

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تاریخ انتشار 2010